1.) Ok, we gonna go with Carbuncle, Bahamut, Ifrit, and Garuda.
2.) Carbuncle is lil, and is the most like a companion. It'll follow you around, attack for you, and can transform into the various other summons. Bahamut is a little bigger than a human, and does a big dragon blast attack before fading. Ifrit is small, maybe like the size of a smallish dog, and does a fire attack before fading. Garuda is the same size as Ifrit and does a wind attack before vanishing.
3.) /shrug!!!! Uh it's the weapon used for summoning, basically. Sometime it's called a tome. basically it is a Fancy Magic Book
4.) oh whoops. I meant Rime. But basically it's like a magical blast attack, associated with the element of the summon you have (or just kind of a... neutral? if none are summoned?). Only FFXIV doesn't really use elemental weakness or anything so it's just kind... a magic attack.
Re: Clarification
2.) Carbuncle is lil, and is the most like a companion. It'll follow you around, attack for you, and can transform into the various other summons. Bahamut is a little bigger than a human, and does a big dragon blast attack before fading. Ifrit is small, maybe like the size of a smallish dog, and does a fire attack before fading. Garuda is the same size as Ifrit and does a wind attack before vanishing.
3.) /shrug!!!! Uh it's the weapon used for summoning, basically. Sometime it's called a tome. basically it is a Fancy Magic Book
4.) oh whoops. I meant Rime. But basically it's like a magical blast attack, associated with the element of the summon you have (or just kind of a... neutral? if none are summoned?). Only FFXIV doesn't really use elemental weakness or anything so it's just kind... a magic attack.